Methods FOR Evaluating THE Effectiveness OF Home Oral Hygiene Measures: A Narrative Review OF Dental Biofilm Indices

Abstract

Dental plaque, a biofilm composed of microorganisms embedded in an extracellular matrix, plays a key role in the development of both periodontal diseases and dental caries. Under certain conditions, the relationship between the host and the oral microbiome can shift from symbiotic to dysbiotic, leading to pathological changes in the hard and soft tissues. Assessing the effectiveness of home oral hygiene measures is critical for preventing these common oral diseases and promoting optimal oral health. Dental plaque indices provide a means of quantifying and monitoring plaque levels, but the sheer number and variety of these indices can make it challenging for clinicians and researchers to select the most appropriate one for a given purpose. This narrative review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the various methods available for evaluating dental biofilm, with a focus on categorizing indices as either non-quantitative or quantitative. Non-quantitative indices rely on subjective assessments of plaque presence and extent, while quantitative indices employ objective measures such as plaque weight, planimetric analysis, or light-induced fluorescence. Understanding the strengths and limitations of these different plaque scoring methods is essential for their effective application in clinical practice, epidemiological surveys, and research settings. By critically examining the full spectrum of dental biofilm indices, this review serves as a valuable resource for oral health professionals seeking to optimize oral hygiene assessment and tailor preventive strategies to the individual needs of their patients.