Journal of Namibian Studies : History Politics Culture
About the Journal Aims and Scope The Journal of Namibian Studies - History Politics Culture (ISSN print 1863-5954; ISSN online 2197-5523) aims to make available to an academic audience around the world scholarly work and original research of high standards in English. JNS is inter- and transdisciplinary and the only academic journal focussing on the humanities, medical and the social sciences which is devoted exclusively to Namibian Studies. Papers submitted to be considered for publication will be thoroughly and anonymously peer-reviewed. There are two issues per year, containing research articles, reports and analysis, primary sources and book reviews. JNS also serves as a forum for scholarly debates. Peer Review Process The journal operates in an anonymous peer-review mode. Once a contribution has been received, it will be anonymised and thereafter dispatched to at least two independently chosen reviewers, who also will remain anonymous throughout the process. Final acceptance of submitted articles will be decided following consideration of the reviewers’ feedback and rests solely with the editors of JNS. Author Self-Archiving Policy Authors are entitled to deposit a PDF of the version of record, i.e. the definitive published version of the article that appears in the journal, on their own personal website and/or that of their employer, following an embargo period of 24 months, provided that the Journal of Namibian Studies is attributed as the original place of publication and that correct citation details are given. Authors should also deposit the URL of their published article, in addition to the PDF version. Open Access Policy The Journal of Namibian Studies - History Politics Culture is openly accessible. Abstracting & Indexing Articles that appear in the Journal of Namibian Studies are currently indexed in the following abstracting and indexing services: African Studies Abstracts Online BASE: Bielefeld Academic Search Engine EBSCO: Humanities Source ELSEVIER: Scopus ERIH PLUS: European Reference Index for the Humanities and Social Sciences IBSS: International Bibliography of the Social Sociences (Proquest) IBR: International Bibliography of Book Reviews of Scholarly Literature IBZ: International Bibliography of Periodical Literature JNS is also abstracted and indexed by the library of the African Studies Centre in Leiden, The Netherlands. Please visit: www.ascleiden.nl/Library JNS is acknowledged by the South African Department of Higher Education and Training (DHET)
Society of Cultural Studies and Social Sciences, Hong KongHong Kong
Exploring Time Stealing Techniques By Employees At Work
This study explored time stealing techniques that workers use at a manufacturing firm in Zimbabwe. Thirteen research participants were chosen for the study, using the purposive sampling method. Semi-structured interviews were conducted to gather data from the research participants. The study found that the workers used a range of time stealing techniques at the case manufacturing firm in Zimbabwe. The rresearch participants identified extended breaks, arriving late and leaving early, manipulating timesheets, buddy punching, responding to emails unrelated to work during working hours, using social media and internet during working hours, and having lengthy conversations with co-workers during working hours as some of the techniques that they use to steal time at work.The study recommends that managers at the case organization in Zimbabwe should understand techniques used by workers to steal time at work and implement preventative measures that reduce time theft cases. In addition, the study recommends that the case organization should utilize geo-fencing, time-tracking systems and surveillance systems to reduce time theft cases.
Wilfred Isioma Ukpere, Jeremy Mitonga-Monga, and Nyasha Mapira
Prevalence And Patterns Of Contraceptive Utilisation Among Small And Medium Business Women Of Reproductive Age
The use of contraceptives among small and medium business women of reproductive age is a critical health issue globally, yet its prevalence and social determinants remain inadequately documented in the rural areas of Oyo State, Nigeria. This research examined the frequency, trends, and socioeconomic determinants of contraceptive use among women of reproductive age in this area. This study employed a descriptive correlational research design targeting small and medium business women aged 15-49 years attending government-owned health facilities in Akinyele LGA. Using multistage sampling techniques, 385 participants were recruited. Data collection utilised a structured questionnaire that was translated into Yoruba and validated for reliability (Cronbach's Alpha = 0.75). SPSS version 23 was used for the analysis, which included both descriptive (frequencies, percentages) and inferential (logistic and multiple regression models) statistics to assess the associations between social variables and the use of contraceptives.The study revealed low overall contraceptive prevalence among participants. Injectable methods (27.9%) and implants (22.7%) were the predominant contraceptive choices, while bilateral tubal ligation showed zero uptake. The use of contraceptives was not significantly predicted by social variables, peer influence (β = -0.027, p > 0.05), parental influence (β = -0.007, p > 0.05), or societal norms (β = 0.060, p > 0.05), according to multiple regression analysis. However, socioeconomic factors showed significant associations: urban residence strongly predicted higher contraceptive use (OR = 10.389, p < 0.01), while higher income levels above ₦100,000 demonstrated a significant negative association (OR = 0.057, p < 0.01). This study identified low contraceptive prevalence in a rural part of Oyo State, with injectable contraceptives and implants being the preferred methods. Traditional social influences did not significantly impact contraceptive decisions, whereas residential setting and income level emerged as crucial determinants. These findings demonstrate the need for advocacy to improve accessibility to family planning services, while addressing economic factors, particularly in rural areas, for the improvement of the adoption of contraceptives among reproductive-aged women.
Balogun Olaitan Johnson, Ganiyu Oluwaseyi Quadri, Dorcas Itunu Olugbemi, Wilfred I. Ukpere
Lived Experiences Of Female Learners In South African Grade 12 Physical Sciences Classrooms
Despite South Africa having achieved gender parity in enrolment numbers for science-related subjects, challenges such as exclusion and lack of support persist, affecting girls' engagement in STEM fields. The aim of this study was to explore the experiences of female learners in South African Grade 12 Physical Sciences classrooms. A qualitative research approach and phenomenological research design were adopted. A total of 12 participants were selected from four schools through purposive sampling. To be eligible, learners had to be at least 18 years old and enrolled in Physical Sciences. Ethical clearance was obtained from Turfloop Ethics Research Committee (TREC). Data was constructed through individual open-ended interviews, observations, and document analysis. Data was analysed using thematic data analysis. Four themes emerged from the data: lack of confidence in learning Physical Sciences, work overload, a lack of role models in STEM in society. and learners’ experience with teachers. This emphasises the need for inclusive teaching strategies, teacher training and mentorship to improve learning and close the gender gap in STEM education.
Elisa Sebina Mphasha , Prof Mahlapahlapana Themane (Corresponding author)
A Systematic Review Of The Determinants Of Motherhood Wage Penalty
This study sought to systematically review existing studies on determinants of the motherhood wage penalty and mechanisms that organizations and working mothers can use to reduce it. The study used the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines to gather and analyze related literature. A total of twenty six research articles, published between 2020 and 2025, were included in this systematic review. The study found several factors that determine the motherhood wage penalty: unconscious employer bias; employer discrimination; work-family policies; traditional gender norms and culture; gender-based division of labor; and job choices. To reduce the motherhood wage penalty, organizations should offer flexible work arrangements, childcare benefits, friendly leave schemes, and eliminate employer’s unconscious bias and workplace discrimination against working mothers with children. In addition, this systematic review recommends that policymakers should enact regulations, which prohibit gender discrimination, whilst ensuring that working mothers enjoy equal rights and opportunities in the workplace. This treatise contributes practically by advancing the knowledge of policymakers, organizations and working mothers with children around determinants of the motherhood wage penalty. In addition, this systematic literature review assists employers and working mothers with initiating specific intervention mechanisms to reduce the motherhood wage penalty. The systematic literature review also lays a foundation for future related research.
Wilfred Isioma Ukpere, Jeremy Mitonga-Monga, Nyasha Mapira
An Empirical Study On Psychological, Social, And Technological Determinants Of Impulsive Buying In Digital Market Places
This paper investigates psychological, social, and technological determinants of impulsive buying in digital marketplaces. Drawing on consumer behavior and technology adoption theories, the study uses survey data from 420 active online shoppers to examine how hedonic motivation, self-control, peer influence, social media exposure, perceived ease of use, and website design aesthetics predict impulsive purchase tendency and actual impulsive purchase behavior. Results from exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses, multiple regression, and mediation analysis indicate that hedonic motivation, social media exposure, and website aesthetics positively predict impulsive buying, while self-control is a negative predictor. Perceived ease of use has an indirect effect through hedonic motivation. Peer influence moderates the effect of social media exposure on impulsive purchases. Findings advance understanding of impulse buying in digital contexts and offer implications for marketers and platform designers seeking to balance sales and ethical practices.
impulsive buying, digital marketplaces, hedonic motivation, self-control, social media exposure, website aesthetics, perceived ease of use.
Ena Gupta, Prof. Umesh Sharma, Dr. Anshu Gupta
Medical Mission And Rural Health Transformation: A Historical Study Of Christian Missionary Healthcare Work In Villupuram (1880–1970)
This study investigates the long-term impact of Christian missionary medical work in Villupuram between 1880 and 1970, examining faith-based health initiatives contributed to the evolution of rural healthcare in colonial and early post-independence Tamil Nadu. Anchored in archival records, missionary hospital reports, district gazetteers, and oral testimonies, the research focuses on the American Arcot Mission’s medical outreach, including its establishment of dispensaries, maternity wards, leprosy care units, and training schools for nurses and midwives. Far from functioning solely as vehicles of evangelism, these medical missions engaged directly with the structural deficiencies in rural health infrastructure. This research argues that Christian medical missions in Villupuram were not marginal auxiliaries to evangelism but essential players in the historical transformation of rural health. Their hybrid legacy—combining Christian charity, scientific medicine, and vernacular outreach—helped redefine the meaning and delivery of healthcare in Tamil Nadu’s interior regions.
Thanjavur: A Prominent Destination For Heritage Tourism In Tamil Nadu
Thanjavur, often referred to as the "Rice Bowl of Tamil Nadu," is a city steeped in history and cultural heritage. This research article explores the significance of Thanjavur as a prominent destination for heritage tourism in Tamil Nadu. It delves into the rich historical and cultural tapestry of the region, focusing on its world-famous Chola architecture, exquisite art forms, and its contribution to the cultural legacy of India. Through an analysis of the city's historical evolution, architectural marvels, and cultural attractions, this article highlights why Thanjavur stands as an indispensable stop for heritage enthusiasts and tourists in Tamil Nadu.
Mrs. B. Pandeeswari, Dr. R. Abbas, Dr. J. Jeyakumari Gnanadeepam
Life in Lockdown: Mental and Social Consequences of COVID-19 for differently able person
The COVID-19 pandemic has created an unprecedented situation for populations worldwide, with consequences that are likely to persist for years. For persons with disabilities (PwDs), the disruption of training, therapy, classroom learning, and social interaction has brought profound challenges. This sudden shift has affected their social, biological, cognitive, and psychological well-being. This study examines the impact of COVID-19 on the mental health, social relationships, and physical activities of PwDs. A survey method was employed, involving 100 parents of children with disabilities selected purposively. Data were collected through a Google Form containing a five-point rating scale across three domains (mental health, physical activity, and social relationships), supplemented by open-ended questions. The findings revealed significant challenges: PwDs commonly experienced inattention, lack of concentration, boredom, inactivity, sleep disturbances, irritability, anger, and even weight gain. Many struggled to adjust to the prolonged “stay-at-home” conditions, finding the restrictions both difficult and distressing.
Impact Of Information Technology On Student Enrolments For Professional Courses
This research paper explores the influence of Information Technology (IT) on student enrolments in professional courses such as BBA, BBA IB, BBA CA, and B.Sc. Computer Science in the Western Maharashtra region. Through a mixed-method approach that combines quantitative data analyzed using SPSS and qualitative insights from student perceptions, the study investigates various factors—such as institutional reputation, financial aid, location, faculty quality, program diversity, digital infrastructure, and online learning availability—that impact student decisions. The results highlight that IT-driven features like online learning, digital resources, and campus facilities significantly shape student preferences, alongside socio-economic and psychological influences. The findings provide actionable insights for academic institutions to adopt IT-enabled strategies to improve enrolment outcomes and student engagement.
Information Technology, Student Enrolment, Professional Courses, SPSS, Online Learning, Higher Education, Mixed-Method, Maharashtra, Institutional Factors, Student Decision-Making.
Bridging Economic Growth and Social Inclusion: The Role of SME Definitions in Global Development
Small and Medium-Sized Enterprises (SMEs) play a pivotal role in global social welfare by fostering employment, reducing poverty, and promoting inclusive economic development. However, the definitions, classifications, and support mechanisms for SMEs vary across global institutions and national policies, affecting their access to financial resources, regulatory support, and social protection. This paper critically examines SME definitions from the European Union (EU), World Bank, Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation (APEC), and South Africa to assess their implications for social welfare, economic justice, and poverty alleviation. Through a comparative analysis, we highlight the disparities in SME classifications and explore how these definitions shape policy interventions in developing economies. The study further investigates how SMEs contribute to job creation, gender equity, and financial inclusion, particularly for marginalized communities. Recommendations are provided to ensure that SME frameworks align with social development goals, including economic inclusion, social protection, and sustainable livelihoods. Findings highlights the importance of tailoring SME support structures to enhance their role in strengthening care service delivery, addressing economic vulnerabilities, and fostering long-term resilience in low-income regions.
Dr. Ayanda Sibiya, Dr. Brian Ngwako Mahosi
Implementation Challenges Related To Public Management Principles In The South African Public Service
The objective of the study is to investigate the difficulties that the public service in South Africa faces, with a particular emphasis on the accountability component of good governance. What issues in the public sector prevent the efficient application of accountability principles in the South African context is the question posed. The study uses qualitative desktop analysis of publicly available secondary data to obtain answers. The document analysis was used to analyse the data which was obtained by reviewing official reports. The article's conclusions include the extent of corruption and misconduct that consistently call for the implementation of good governance principles in ministries and departments, as well as the lack of political will to improve openness and accountability in the processes. To name a few, there are also insufficient human resources to ensure responsibility in the hiring and selection of individuals who share normative values. Interventions such as anti-corruption laws and institutional and legislative frameworks are in place to curb wrongdoing and improve accountability. To improve accountability in South African public service ministries and departments, the article suggests an analytical framework known as the Good Governance Framework for Public Service. Its goals are to increase professionalism, public trust, and ethical culture.
Financial Risk Management For High-Growth Enterprises
High-growth enterprises are often at the forefront of innovation, expansion, and market disruption. However, with rapid growth comes an increased exposure to financial risks that can jeopardize their long-term success. This paper explores the critical aspects of financial risk management for high-growth enterprises, examining the various risks such businesses face, including liquidity, operational, market, and credit risk. Furthermore, it evaluates risk management strategies and tools such as financial hedging, diversification, financial forecasting, and the role of technology in managing these risks. The research also delves into the role of financial risk management in decision-making processes, corporate governance, and strategic planning for high-growth firms. The paper concludes with recommendations on how high-growth enterprises can optimize their financial risk management practices to sustain growth and mitigate potential setbacks.
Vaibhavkumar Laldas Patel, Chintan Vishnubhai Patel
Nursing-Sensitive Quality Indicators: A Framework For Continuous Improvement In Patient Care Outcomes
The nursing profession plays a pivotal role in healthcare quality improvement, with nursing-sensitive indicators serving as critical metrics for evaluating patient care outcomes. This paper examines the evolution, implementation, and impact of nursing-sensitive quality indicators (NSIs) within contemporary healthcare systems. Through a comprehensive analysis of current literature and evidence-based practices, this study explores how NSIs contribute to continuous quality improvement (CQI) initiatives, patient safety enhancement, and overall healthcare delivery optimization. The research synthesizes findings from recent studies on quality improvement frameworks, explores the relationship between nursing practices and patient outcomes, and identifies emerging trends in quality measurement. Key findings indicate that effective implementation of NSIs requires systematic approaches, interprofessional collaboration, and sustained organizational commitment. The paper concludes with recommendations for advancing nursing quality initiatives and implications for future practice and research.
Dr. Abdullah Ahmed Alshaya, Abdullateef Abdullah Aleidi, Sarab Mohammed Alqahtani, Maha Eid Alqahtani, Rawan mohammed Alqahtani
Assessment Of Digital Transformation In Sabratha University
This study aims to evaluate the level of digital transformation by identifying the reality of digital transformation and its requirements in Libyan universities, Sabratha University as a model, as well as the impact of obstacles that limit its achievement and the standards that must be met to achieve digitization in the university. The researcher used the descriptive analytical approach, where questionnaires and interviews were used to collect data, in addition to analyzing some official university documents. A questionnaire form was designed as the main tool for the study and distributed to the targeted sample of faculty members at the university and some interviews with faculty members, where the study sample amounted to 150 respondents, and 106 items were obtained that matched the study's answers and questions. Among the most important results reached by the study: the study individuals showed a low trend of 61.0% towards the reality of digital transformation and its requirements within the university, and by 69.4% there is an impact of obstacles that limit the effectiveness of digital transformation. The study proposes recommendations to improve the efficiency of digital transformation and enhance integration between technology and the educational process.
Exploring The Use Of Online Tools For Scholarly Reading And Writing By Research Scholars At Mizoram University
This study investigates the use of online tools by research scholars at Mizoram University in India. Two studies were conducted among the research scholars of Mizoram University with a gap of one year in between to gather data on their use of such tools. The surveys collected information on the types of online tools the scholars used, the ways in which the scholars utilized such tools for their scholarly reading and writing practices as well as the perceived drawbacks and ethical considerations in using these tools for research. The results show an increase in the use of online tools for scholarly practice over the course of the year although this increase is moderate at best. The study finds that the types of tools used by scholars are mostly consistent where various aspects are not fully utilized by the scholars. The unreliability of various some tools as well as the ethical issues in using them for higher studies and research are also expressed by the respondents of the study. The findings of this study aim to address various benefits and implications present with the use of online research tools for higher educational institutions.
Zorinpuia, R.K. Ngurtinkhuma, Lalremsiama, Vanlalfeli
Antioxidant And Anti-Amyloidogenic Activities Of Cassia Tora Extracts For Alzheimer's Disease
Because of its antioxidant and anti-amyloidogenic properties, Cassia tora Linn. being investigated in this research for its possible use in treating Alzheimer's disease. We used ethanol and water as solvents to extract Cassia tora leaf powder after collecting, drying, and grinding the leaves. The suppression of amyloid-β (Aβ1-42) aggregation at different doses of the extracts was measured using the Thioflavin T fluorescence test to assess the anti-amyloidogenic activity. A one-way analysis of variance (p = 0.0023) confirmed that the extracts of Cassia tora inhibited amyloid aggregation in a dose-dependent manner. These results indicate that Cassia tora has promise as an antioxidant and natural agent with anti-amyloidogenic effects; hence, it might be used to control Alzheimer's disease.
Cassia tora, Antioxidant, Alzheimer's, Disease, Anti-amyloidogenic.
An Assessment Of Emotional Well-Being And Its Impact On Academic Achievement Among University Students
In the shifting landscape of higher education, emotional well-being has emerged as a silent architect behind academic success. This study delves into the intricate psychological dimensions-status, situation, self-awareness, and power/resilience-shaping university students’ academic performance. Utilizing the Socio-Emotional Well-Being Index (SEWBI) across 480 students in Haryana’s Rohtak and Jhajjar districts, the research reveals a moderate yet meaningful positive correlation between emotional health and academic outcomes (r = 0.2961, p < 0.001). Notably, self-awareness and psychological resilience surfaced as the most influential emotional traits linked to higher academic achievement. Gender, academic level (UG/PG), and rural–urban residential background were found to have no significant bearing on emotional well-being, while academic stream significantly impacted self-awareness (p = 0.0183). Though regression analysis fell just short of statistical significance (p = 0.0634), the directional trend underscored emotional stability as a positive predictor of academic performance. This study positions emotional well-being not as an auxiliary concern but as a core academic variable, urging institutions to embed emotional intelligence, mindfulness, and resilience training within curricular and policy frameworks. Fostering emotionally aware and balanced students is no longer optional; it is essential for educational excellence.
Advancing Precision Agriculture: Integrating Satellite Remote Sensing For Crop Health Monitoring And Assessment
This study presents an integrated remote sensing approach for monitoring and assessing the health and development of wheat crops in Allahabad district, Uttar Pradesh, an important wheat-producing region in India. Satellite images from Landsat 7 and Landsat 8, acquired on five key dates during the 2015–2016 growing season (December 24, 2015; January 24, 2016; February 10, 2016; March 21, 2016; and April 14, 2016), were utilized to derive the Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) across 110 contiguous wheat fields spanning the all eight tehsils of the district. The temporal NDVI analysis revealed a clear phenological evolution, with mean values progressing from 0.07 during the crop establishment phase in December to a peak of 0.47 in February, followed by a decline to 0.31 in March and reaching a low of 0.13 by April, marking the onset of senescence and harvest-readiness. Further, spatial assessments of NDVI revealed variability in crop health within and among the selected fields, with higher heterogeneity apparent during early and peak growth phases indicating localized stress factors such as moisture deficits or nutrient imbalances. The later uniformity in NDVI across fields, while indicative of synchronized senescence, also raised concerns for areas that consistently underperformed during peak growth. Overall, the findings of the present study underscore the efficacy of satellite remote sensing as a cost-effective and scalable solution for monitoring and assessing crop health. Moreover, this technology underpins precision agriculture by enabling timely, targeted interventions that optimize crop management and sustain yield potential.
Deepak Lal, Rajendra K. Isaac, Mukesh Kumar, Ajaz Ahmad and Neeraj Kumar
Leveraging DTH Technology For Digital Education: A Case Study Of Higher Education In Haryana
The Covid-19 pandemic significantly disrupted higher education systems globally. In India, the sudden transition to online education posed challenges, particularly in states with diverse socio-economic landscapes such as Haryana. This study examines the digital transformation of higher education in Haryana during the pandemic, with a focus on the use of Direct-to-Home (DTH) technology and e-content delivery through the Utkarsh Higher Education channel and Jio TV. The paper investigates students' perceptions, identifies challenges faced during the transition, and suggests improvements for future digital learning initiatives. Data were collected via an online survey of undergraduate Geography students across Haryana. The findings highlight both achievements and limitations of the digital approach and offer recommendations to enhance accessibility and pedagogical quality in the post-pandemic era.
Ideas, Truth And Importance Of Mahatma Gandhi’s Philosophy Towards Concept Of Non-Violence
Mahatma Gandhi's philosophy of nonviolence, or ahimsa, was fundamental to his methodology of conflict resolution. He perceived nonviolence as a harmonious approach to thinking, feeling, and behaving that repudiates exploitation and violence. His notion of satyagraha, or steadfast adherence to truth, encompassed peaceful resistance to injustice via strategies including non-cooperation and civil disobedience. Nonviolence is a philosophy, a theoretical framework, a practice, a lifestyle, and a method of social, political, and economic struggle that has existed throughout history. Mahatma Gandhi highlighted the nonviolence of the powerful as opposed to that of the weak while elucidating its significance and consequences. Although nonviolence acknowledges the capacity to use physical force for the defense of one's rights, practitioners opt to harness their spiritual might against their aggressors. Throughout history, individuals have rejected violence as a method for settling conflicts. Gandhi claimed that reason and conscience may influence adversaries to alter their positions, rendering violence superfluous. Nonetheless, some contend that Gandhi's nonviolence had boundaries; he permitted violence in some instances and acknowledged that reason alone was inadequate for social transformation. Although Gandhi's nonviolence significantly influenced society, a close examination uncovers contradictions and ambiguities within his worldview.In this article ideas, truth and importance of Mahatma Gandhi’s philosophy towards concept of non-violence has been discussed.
Social Media Impact on Teacher Self-Efficacy among the Teacher-Educators
Teacher self-efficacy, the belief in one's ability to effectively teach and facilitate student learning, is a critical factor influencing pedagogical practices and student outcomes. Social media platforms, with their diverse functionalities and global reach, offer numerous opportunities for teachers to connect with peers, access professional development resources, and engage in collaborative learning communities. By fostering a sense of belonging and providing a platform for knowledge sharing, social media can positively impact teacher self-efficacy. Social media has emerged as a powerful tool that has the potential to revolutionize the way educators learn and teach. This research aims to bridge this gap by examining the relationship between social media usage and teacher educators' perceived self-efficacy. By investigating the extent to which teacher educators utilize social media platforms and how these platforms influence their beliefs in their teaching abilities, this study contributes to a better understanding of the role of technology in professional development.
Views, Role and Perspectives of Swami Vivekananda’s Philosophy towards Universal Religion
Contemporary Indian philosopher Swami Vivekananda has articulated a distinctive interpretation on the concept of religion. He advocated for the imperative of a global religion or the embrace of religious diversity. He asserts that religion transcends mere discourse on concepts or theories, and is not synonymous with sectarianism. It is a connection between the soul and the divine. He elucidated that religion is not comprised of constructing temples, creating churches, or participating in communal worship. Religion is not defined by adherence to a specific doctrine or belief but by spiritual enlightenment. Swami Vivekananda was inspired by and affected by India's ancient culture and philosophy, which is evident in all his messages and teachings, as they are fundamentally based in the philosophy of the Upanishads. He extracted numerous concepts from Vedanta philosophy, which encompasses not only metaphysics but also possesses social and practical ramifications in human existence. Universal religion can be described as the most comprehensive idea that elucidates the inherent oneness and distinctive essence of all global faiths. The fundamental essence of all world faiths is identical. Universal religion articulates the uniformity of the foundational ideas and doctrines inherent in all global religions. Swami Vivekananda posits the existence of a global religion. Just as the worldwide brotherhood of humanity exists, so too does a universal religion. It should be noted that Universal religion is neither the result of divergent comprehension nor a synthesis of the essential components of other religions. It is the recognition that various religions are manifestations of a singular fundamental truth. In this article, views, role and perspectives of Swami Vivekananda’s philosophy towards universal religion has been discussed.
Multilingualism And Language Power Dynamics In North East India: Challenges And Educational Policy Implications
North East India is one of the most linguistically diverse regions in the world, home to hundreds of indigenous languages spoken across varied ethnic communities. However, this rich linguistic heritage is under increasing threat due to systemic neglect, marginalization, and the dominance of major national and global languages in education, administration, and media. This paper explores the intersections of linguistic diversity, language endangerment, and educational language policy in the region, with a particular focus on the implications of the mother tongue-based education movement and the implementation of the National Education Policy (NEP) 2020. Drawing on a wide range of scholarly literature and policy documents, the study highlights how structural inequalities, socio-political marginalization, and a lack of state-level commitment to multilingual education have contributed to the gradual erosion of indigenous languages. The paper critically examines the theoretical frameworks surrounding language shift, language rights, and educational equity, while also exploring grassroots efforts in community-based language revitalization and multilingual education initiatives. Particular attention is paid to how state and national language policies have historically failed to accommodate the multilingual realities of North East India. The analysis underscores the importance of inclusive, community-sensitive educational practices that promote mother tongue instruction at the primary level, not only for preserving linguistic diversity but also for improving educational outcomes and strengthening cultural identity. The paper concludes by recommending policy reforms aimed at empowering local communities, strengthening teacher training in indigenous languages, and fostering inclusive language planning that aligns with India's constitutional commitment to cultural and linguistic diversity.
Dr. Ch. Sarajubala Devi , Dr. R. K. Brajananda Singh
Exploring Challenges And Opportunities In Implementing Mother Tongue-Based Multilingual Education In Arunachal Pradesh’s Tribal Communities
Arunachal Pradesh, located in the linguistically diverse North East region of India, represents a critical case study in the implementation of mother tongue-based multilingual education (MTB-MLE). Home to over 26 major tribes and more than 100 sub-tribes, the state faces unique challenges in integrating indigenous languages into formal schooling, particularly through the development and use of tribal language textbooks. This paper examines the status, quality, and pedagogical alignment of third-language textbooks introduced at the primary level in five tribal languages: Idu Mishmi, Kaman Mishmi, Wancho, Galo, and Nyishi. Employing a qualitative framework, the study analyses the textual content, instructional design, linguistic standardization, and cultural relevance of these materials. Findings reveal both progress and persistent gaps: while textbook creation reflects growing institutional and community engagement, it suffers from inconsistencies in pedagogical structure, lack of assessment tools, and inadequate dialectal representation. These issues are compounded by broader policy-level disparities, where national commitments to mother tongue education are undermined by limited infrastructure, inadequate teacher training, and the continued dominance of English and Hindi. The study argues for a shift from symbolic to substantive inclusion of indigenous languages through centralized academic support, inclusive curriculum design, and community co-authorship. Ultimately, the paper contributes to the discourse on linguistic justice, educational equity, and the preservation of endangered languages in India’s tribal regions by highlighting the need for culturally grounded and pedagogically sound approaches to textbook development. Without systemic reforms and sustained policy attention, the transformative potential of mother tongue education in Arunachal Pradesh risks remaining unrealized.
Teacher Or Learner Classroom Change In Schools. What Triggers Institutional Performance? A Case Of Limpopo Province Primary Schools
The paper reports on teachers and learners viewpoints regarding changing of classrooms during teaching and learning in the primary schools. The study was conducted in the Potgietersrus circuit, Limpopo province South Africa. Changing of classroom process is observed in the intermediate and senior phases purposefully to access resources, for physical space and to receive different learning activities. The changing of classrooms is blamed for causing confusion, disruption during rotation, loss of familiarity in the school to the learners and to the teachers as well. Drawing of Vigotsky ‘s active learning theory that suggest that learning and teaching should be child-centred, we proposed to put attention on how classroom changing should be implemented and who is more suitable to change classrooms .The study employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive case study design. Data was collected through interviews with fifteen participants from three primary schools in the Waterberg district. Data was analysed through thematic analysis. The findings included that the most preferable candidates to change classrooms are the learners. This was based on the argument that teachers use valuable resources to enhance their lesson presentations and learners changing classrooms will keep them active throughout
Mashishi Mmaphuti Flora & Mamabolo Moketlo Joel
4IR-Based Capacity-Building Interventions: A Need To Improve Service Delivery In South African Municipalities
This study explored capacity-building measures (focus) required for South African municipalities and the City of Ekurhuleni Metropolitan Municipality (locus) to prepare for the Fourth Industrial Revolution (4IR) and, hence, offer better service delivery. The study adopted a qualitative approach and utilised literature and document review to gather relevant information. The data was assessed using conceptual and document analysis. The findings highlight the need to conceptualise capacity-building for the 4IR and why 4IR capacity in municipalities will have a transformational impact when adequately developed and implemented. The findings in the context of CoE indicate that while there are good 4IR initiatives, the municipality has not fully embraced these to maximum effect; hence, challenges persist. One challenge identified is the partial adoption of 4IR programmes, mainly due to limited capacity. Hence, institutional capacity is directly tied to infrastructural capabilities, and its absence or low uptake determines the level of embracing and utilising 4IR information communication technologies (ICTs). Another significant impediment is the skills capacities of the current staff contingent concerning 4IR-capacity level requirements. Based on the findings, the study proposes practical recommendations regarding capacity-building measures required for South African municipalities and the City of Ekurhuleni to equip for the 4IR and, hence, offer better service delivery.
Mncedisi Ncamphalala and Shikha Vyas-Doorgapersad
Relationship Between Counselling Services And The Psychosocial Development Of Students
The path of psychosocial development, which includes emotional, psychological, and social maturation, is essential to the human experience. Counseling services are more important in today's times of fast cultural change. The investigation was conducted using a survey format. Thirty-two high school students were selected at random from schools with established Guidance and Counseling programs. The coefficient of dependability obtained using the split-half approach was 0.78. The t-test was used to examine the results. Relational counseling helps people connect with one another and work through their communication problems, resulting in stronger links between them. Counseling has a beneficial effect on self-worth and confidence, two cornerstones of healthy psychological and social growth.
The Ritualistic And Sociological Functions Of Folk Aurès Songs:A Field Study In Mount Hmer Xeddu – Aith Abdelrahman Akbash Tribe
The corpus of Folk Aurès songs constitutes a rich repository that enables scholars to explore the enduring anthropological and sociological frameworks undergirding the collective Aurès imaginary and traditional North African thought. By conducting a careful reading and analysis of these song texts, one gains at least a partial understanding of human nature and societal structures in the Aurès region. Moreover, these songs invoke a set of customs and festivities on the brink of extinction—if not already vanished—and illuminate residual social and cultural values that once formed the bedrock of Aurès social organization. They further serve to rationalize various local ideologies and institutions, notably marriage practices predicated on endogamy and tribal affiliations. In addition, they underscore the import of tirougza (manhood), honor, and virginity as key pillars of the region’s patriarchal system. This study employs content analysis to draw out and interpret the symbols and meanings suggested by these ritualistic functions, while simultaneously uncovering the sociological values embedded within. In doing so, it offers insight into the historical and social testimonies still discernible in the region.
Echoes And Manifestations Of The Algerian Revolution In African Literature
This article examines the Algerian Revolution and its image and manifestations in African liberation literature and addresses Algerian backing of African liberation movements and struggles, especially in South Africa and Portuguese colonies, including Angola and Mozambique, and explores how the revolution inspires key figures, such as South African Nelson Mandela, Ghanaian leader Kwame Nkrumah, Guinean activist Amílcar Cabral, and French-Algerian revolutionary Frantz Fanon. The writing of these activities is imbued with pride and respect for the Algerian struggle. These writings are the finest evidence of African solidarity with the Algerian Revolution, and the struggle literature of the time embodied a means of denouncing colonialism and supporting just causes in Africa.
India’s Collaboration With Unesco In Education: A Study Of Progress And Impact
UNESCO works mainly in the fields of education, natural sciences, social and human sciences, culture, and in field of communication. The Organization's Constitution outlines UNESCO's fundamental mission of promoting access to, and the transfer and sharing of knowledge. India and UNESCO are natural partners from the origin of Organization and both try to build peaceful and sustainable world through education, science, culture, heritage and in information technology. UNESCO’s renewed emphasis on using education as an agent for transformation becomes especially vital in this regard. The Government of India’s focus on the youth and skill development resonates closely with the vision of UNESCO for the country, and the larger education agenda of the future.