Political Alienation

Abstract

There are many differences about the concept of (political alienation) in its definitions from the concept of alienation in general. In most of its definitions, alienation appears as the individual being separated from himself, his social environment, or his feeling of weak ties between him and those to whom he belongs. Many definitions agree that political alienation means the individual's separation from political institutions, leaders, and political values (House, et al., 1975)(1). So, political alienation in its simplest sense is defined as separation among the members of society and feeling of separation and lack of contact with the political system (1992)(2). Just as political separation can be from the system as a whole, separation can be at one of its levels without the other, such as separation from the political authority, government employees, institutions, or political standards (Finfter, )(3). Therefore, it is necessary to be aware of the different levels of the political system and distinguish between them in order to identify the multiple levels. Some specialists define political alienation from a different perspective as a criticism of the performance of civil institutions and the performance of leaders. Criticism means the assessment of the negative aspects of the system and exclusion from them, which leads to rejection and separation (Chen, 1992)(4).